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SCAR Bulletin
No 129, January 1998

Measures, Decisions and Resolutions adopted at the

XXIst Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting

Christchurch, New Zealand, 19–30 May 1997

Note: The texts of Measures 1-5 (1997) and the Aneeexes to Measures 1 and 2 (1997), and the text of Decision 1 (1997) were reproduced in SCAR Bulletin No 128, January 1998. The Annexes of Measure 3 (1997) (Annexes A-E), and the texts of Decision 2 (1997) and Resolutions 1-3 (1997) are reporduced here, thereby completing reproduction of all the Measures, Decisions and Resolutions adopted at the XXIst Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Christchurch, New Zealand, 19-30 May 1997.

MEASURE 3 (1997)

Antarctic Protected Areas System: Revised Descriptions and

Management Plans for Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

SSSI 12: Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley, Victoria Land (Annex A)

SSSI 13: Potter Peninsula, 25 de Mayo Island (King George Island), South Shetland Islands (Annex B)

SSSI 14: Harmony Point, Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands (Annex C)

SSSI 15: Cierva Point, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula (Annex D)

SSSI 37: Botany Bay, Cape Geology, Victoria Land (Annex E)

Annex A

Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No. 12

Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley, Victoria Land

1. Description of values to be protected

An area of 1 km² to the east side of Canada Glacier was originally designated in Recommendation XIII-8 (1985, SSSI No. 12) after a proposal by New Zealand on the grounds that it contains some of the richest plant growth (bryophytes and algae) in the southern Victoria Land Dry Valleys. As such, the Area is of exceptional intrinsic ecological value, and is also of scientific value to botan-ists, zoologists and microbiologists. The Area is designated primarily to protect the site's ecological values. It is also valuable as a reference site for other dry valley eco-systems. The boundaries of this site have been changed such that the Area now includes biologically rich communities that were previously excluded. The Area, located at an elevation of between 20 and 220 m, comprises gently to moderately sloping ice-free ground with summer ponds and small meltwater streams draining from the Canada Glacier to Lake Fryxell. Most of the plant growth occurs in a flush area close to the glacier in the central part of the Area. The composition and distribution of the plant communities in the Area are correlated closely with the water regime. Thus, water courses and water quality are important to the values of the site. The Area is unusual in that it receives higher levels of moisture compared with other parts of the south Victoria Land Dry Valleys, and is sheltered from strong winds by the nearby 20 m glacier face.

The Area has been well-studied and documented, which adds to its scientific value. However, the plant communities are fragile and vulnerable to disturbance and destruction by trampling and sampling. Damaged areas will be slow to recolonise. Sites damaged at known times in the past have been identified, which are valuable in that they provide one of the few areas in the Dry Valleys where the long-term effects of disturbance, and recovery rates, can be measured.

The Area requires long-term special protection because of its exceptional moss communities for the south Victoria Land Dry Valleys and thus ecological importance; its scientific values; the limited geographical extent of the ecosystem; the vulnerability of the Area to disturbance through trampling, sampling, pollution or alien introductions; and in view of the existing and increasing pressure from scientific, logistic and tourist activities in the region.

2. Aims and objectives

Management at Canada Glacier aims to:

• avoid degradation of, or substantial risk to, the values of the Area by preventing unnecessary human disturbance to the Area;

• allow scientific research on the ecosystem and elements of the ecosystem in particular moss communities while ensuring protection from over-sampling;

• allow other scientific research provided it is for compelling reasons which cannot be served elsewhere;

• minimise the possibility of introduction of alien plants, animals and microbes to the Area;

• allow visits for management purposes in support of the aims of the management plan.

3. Management activities

The following management activities are to be undertaken to protect the values of the Area:

• Signs illustrating the location and boundaries with clear statements of entry restrictions shall be placed at appropriate locations at the boundaries of the Area to help avoid inadvertent entry.

• Signs showing the location of the Area (stating the special restrictions that apply) shall be displayed prominently, and a copy of this Management Plan shall be kept available, in all of the research hut facilities located in the Taylor Valley that are within 20 km of the Area.

• Brightly coloured markers, clearly visible from the air and posing no significant threat to the environment, shall be placed to mark the helicopter landing pad.

• Durable wind direction indicators should be erected close to the designated helicopter landing site. These should be replaced as needed and removed when no longer required.

• Markers, signs or structures erected within the Area for scientific or management purposes shall be secured and maintained in good condition.

• Visits shall be made as necessary (no less than once every five years) to assess whether the Area continues to serve the purposes for which it was designated and to ensure management and maintenance measures are adequate.

• National Antarctic Programmes operating in the region shall consult together with a view to ensuring these steps are carried out.

4. Period of designation

Designated for an indefinite period.

5. Maps and photographs

Map A: Canada Glacier, Taylor Valley, location map.

Map specifications:

Projection: Lambert conformal conic;

Standard parallels: 1st 79° 18' 00" S;

2nd 76° 42' 00"S

Central Meridian: 162° 30' 00" E.

Latitude of Origin: 78° 01' 16.2106" S;

Spheroid: WGS84.

Inset: McMurdo Dry Valleys and Ross Island region, showing the location of McMurdo Station (US) and Scott Base (NZ), and the location of the other specially protected areas in the Dry Valleys (Barwick Valley SSSI-3, and Linnaeus Terrace SSSI-19).

Map B: Canada Glacier, protected area location image map. Specifications are the same as those for Map A; the underlying image is Landsat Thematic Mapper Band 4, 6 January 1993, Row 115 Path 57, with an original pixel resolution of 30 m. (Not reproduced here.)

Map C: Canada Glacier, topographic map. Map specifications are the same as those for Map A. Contours are derived from the digital elevation model used to generate the orthophotograph in Map D. Precise area of moist ground associated with the flush is subject to variation seasonally and inter-annually.

Map D: Canada Glacier, site orthophotograph. Specifications are the same as those for Map A; the original orthophotograph was prepared at 1:2500 in colour with a pixel resolution of 0.25 m and a positional accuracy of <1 m. Photography USGS/DoSLI (SN7856) 22 November 1993. (Not reproduced here.)

Figure 1: Perspective view of the Canada Glacier protected area, combining orthophoto and Landsat images. The perspective is from an elevation of 485 m (1600 ft), 1.1 km out from the Area at a bearing of 95° SE. (Not reproduced here.)

6. Description of the Area

6(i) Geographical coordinates, boundary markers and natural features

The designated Area encompasses most of the glacier forefield area on the east side of the lower Canada Glacier, on the north shore of Lake Fryxell (77°37'S, 163°03'E: Maps A and B). The south boundary of the Area is defined as the shoreline of Lake Fryxell, to the water's edge, extending about 1 km east from where the Canada Glacier toe meets Lake Fryxell. The west boundary of the Area follows the edge of the Canada Glacier. The SE corner is near the neck of a small peninsula extending into L. Fryxell. The peninsula, outside of the Area, is marked by a large rock (split) surrounded by a circle of rocks which was a benchmark for the 1985 NZ survey of the original SSSI. A wooden post marking Dry Valley Drilling Project Site 7 (1973) is about 10 m to the NW of this point. A moraine ridge extends from the SE corner upward and in a northerly direction: this ridge defines the eastern boundary of the Area. The ridge dips sharply before joining the featureless slope of the main Taylor Valley wall: the NE corner of the Area is in this dip and will be marked by a cairn. A cairn will also be placed on a knoll on the ridge 450 m from the SE corner point.

Above the central flush a slope of lateral moraine of fairly even gradient extends upward and parallel to the glacier for about 1 km. At the top of this slope is a small knoll (220 m) about 300 m from where the glacier emerges into the Taylor Valley: a cairn and signpost will mark the boundary of the Area at this point. The upper, northern, boundary of the Area extends from the Canada Glacier to the boundary markers on the knoll and thence declines in elevation in an easterly direction for 1.7 km to the NE boundary cairn. The broad area above this upper boundary &endash; outside of the Area &endash; serves as an access 'corridor' between L. Fryxell and L. Hoare.

The central flush area (Maps C and D) containing the richest stands of vegetation is close to the glacier edge, near a small, shallow pond. The flush area is gently sloping and very moist with numerous small ponds and rivulets in the summer. The slopes above this area are better drained, but vegetation colonises several small stream channels which extend parallel to the glacier from the upper boundary of the Area down to the flush. Undulating moraines assist accumulation of persistent snow patches on this slope, which may also provide moisture for plant growth. Stream channels, and associated vegetation, become less obvious with distance from the glacier. These slopes and the central flush are drained to the SE by Canada Stream, one of three streams which dominate the water input to Lake Fryxell. In the 1990&endash;91 season Canada Stream had a maximum streamflow of 0.65 m3s-1 with a peak daily mean flow of 0.34 m3s-1, both occurring in December.

Three moss species have been identified from the flush area: Bryum argenteum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum andPottia heimii. Lichen growth in the Area is inconspicuous, but two epilithic lichens, Carbonea capsulata and an unknown species of Sarcogyne, and Lecanora expectans and Caloplaca citrina may be found in a small area near the outflow of the pond near Canada Glacier. Chasmoendolithic lichens occur in many boulders. Over 37 species of freshwater algae have been described at the site, predominantly from the Cyanophyta. The upper part of Canada Stream superficially appears sparse in algal growth. However, abundant encrusting epilithophytes grow on the undersides of stones and boulders. Two algae, Prasiola calophylla and Chamaesiphon subglobosus, have been observed only in this upper part of the stream. Cyanobacterial mats are extensive in the middle and lower reaches of the stream. Mucilaginous colonies of Nostoc commune dominate wetter parts of the central flush, while oscillatoriacean felts cover much of the mineral fines. Epiphytic algae, dominated by Nostoc, are common over the surface of Bryum argenteum and Pottia heimii. The lower stream is similar in floral composition, although it is notable in that the alga Tribonema elegans is abundant while absent further upstream: this is the first record of this alga from Antarctica. Phormidium and Gloeocapsa species are common throughout the stream-course.

Invertebrates from six phyla have been described in the Area: the three main groups are Rotifera, Nematoda and Tardigrada, with Protozoa, Platyhelminthes, and Arthropoda also present.

Evidence of human activities is commonplace within the Area. The main forms of damage evident at sites of vegetation are paths and footprints, removal of core samples from bryophyte turfs, and removal of larger clumps of bryophyte turfs. A number of old markers exist in the flush area and there has been some site modification close by in the form of small rock dams, soil pits and several old campsites &emdash; much of this was remediated in the 1995&endash;96 season. A plastic greenhouse was erected within the Area close to the flush in 1979 for experimental growth of garden vegetables, but this was destroyed in 1983 by a winter storm. Remains of the greenhouse found in the Area have been removed.

6(ii) Restricted zones within the Area

None.

6(iii) Structures within and near the Area

The first New Zealand hut at Canada Glacier was relocated to a second site in 1989, and removed completely in 1995&endash;96. The second site is now designated for essential camping associated with research, marked on Maps C and D. Paths marked by lines of rocks, areas cleared for use as campsites, an old helicopter pad, and several low rock structures associated with the first hut site have now been remediated. A series of at least four shallow pits (~1 m in depth) were dug close to the old hut site. The second hut site comprised two small buildings, several new campsites, and a new helicopter pad. A path exists between the site and the glacier edge, crossing a moist area of plant growth. The helicopter pad remains as the current designated landing site.

A rock weir had been constructed in the constricted part of Canada Stream prior to 1981; in 1990 a more substantial weir and 9-inch Parshall flume were installed nearby (Maps C and D). The flume is made of black fibreglass. The weir consists of polyester sandbags filled with alluvium from near the stream channel: areas disturbed during construction were restored and after one season were not evident. The upstream side of the weir is lined with vinyl-coated nylon. A notch has been built into the weir for relief in case of high flow. Clearance of seasonal snow from the channel has been necessary to prevent water from backing up at the weir. Data logging instrumentation and batteries are stored in a plywood crate located nearby on the north side of the stream.

Signposts and cairns mark the Area boundaries.

The US Fryxell Hut (20 m ASL) is located 1.5 km to the east, and Hoare Hut (65 m ASL) is located 3 km to the west of the Area (Maps A and B).

6(iv) Location of other protected areas within close proximity of the Area

The nearest protected areas to Canada Glacier are Linnaeus Terrace (SSSI-19) 47 km west in the Wright Valley, and Barwick Valley (SSSI-3) 50 km to the NW (Inset, Map A).

7. Permit conditions

Entry into the Area is prohibited except in accordance with a Permit issued by appropriate national authorities. Conditions for issuing a Permit to enter the Area are that:

• it is issued only for scientific study of the ecosystem, or for compelling scientific reasons that cannot be served elsewhere, or for essential management purposes consistent with plan objectives such as inspection or review;

• the actions permitted will not jeopardise the ecological or scientific values of the Area;

• any management activities are in support of the aims of the Management Plan;

• the actions permitted are in accordance with the Management Plan;

• the Permit, or an authorized copy, shall be carried within the Area;

• a visit report shall be supplied to the authority named in the Permit;

• permits shall be issued for a stated period.

7(i) Access to and movement within the Area

Vehicles are prohibited within the Area and access shall be by foot or by helicopter. Helicopter access should be from south of the line marked on the accompanying site maps, and overflight within the Area less than 100 m Above Ground Level (AGL) north of this line is prohibited. Helicopters shall land only at the designated site (163° 02' 53" E, 77° 36' 58" S: Map B) and overflight of the Area should generally be avoided. Exceptions to these flight restrictions, which will only be granted for an exceptional scientific or management purpose, must be specifically authorised by Permit. Use of helicopter smoke grenades within the Area is prohibited unless absolutely necessary for safety, and then these should be retrieved. Visitors, pilots, air crew, or passengers en route elsewhere on helicopters, are prohibited from moving on foot beyond the immediate vicinity of the designated landing and camping site unless specifically authorised by a Permit.

Pedestrians travelling up- or down-valley shall not enter the Area without a Permit. Permitted visitors entering the Area are encouraged to keep to established routes where possible. Visitors should avoid walking on visible vegetation or through stream beds. Care should be exercised walking in areas of moist ground, where foot traffic can easily damage sensitive soils, plant and algal communities, and degrade water quality: walk around such areas, on ice or rocky ground, and step on larger stones when stream crossing is necessary. Care should also be taken of salt-encrusted vegetation in drier areas, which can be inconspicuous. Pedestrian traffic should be kept to the minimum necessary consistent with the objectives of any permitted activities and every reasonable effort should be made to minimise effects.

7(ii) Activities that are or may be conducted in the Area, including restrictions on time or place

• Scientific research that will not jeopardise the ecosystem of the Area;

• Essential management activities, including monitoring.

In view of the importance of the water regime to the ecosystem, activities should be conducted so that disturbance to water courses and water quality is minimised. Activities occurring outside of the Area (e.g. on the Canada Glacier) which may have the potential to affect water quality should be planned and conducted taking possible downstream effects into account. Those conducting activities within the Area should also be mindful of any downstream effects within the Area and on Lake Fryxell.

7(iii) Installation, modification or removal of structures

Any structures erected or scientific equipment installed within the Area are to be specified in a Permit. Scientific equipment shall be clearly identified by country, name of the principal investigator and year of installation. All such items should be made of materials that pose minimal risk of contamination of the Area. Removal of specific equipment for which the Permit has expired shall be a condition of the Permit.

7(iv) Location of field camps

Nearby permanent camps outside of the Area should be used as a base for work in the Area. Camping at the designated campsite (Maps B and C) may be permitted to meet specific essential scientific or management needs.

7(v) Restrictions on materials and organisms which can be brought into the Area

No living animals, plant material or microorganisms shall be deliberately introduced into the Area and precautions shall be taken against accidental introductions. No herbicides or pesticides shall be brought into the Area. Any other chemicals, including radio-nuclides or stable isotopes, which may be introduced for scientific or management purposes specified in the Permit, shall be removed from the Area at or before the conclusion of the activity for which the Permit was granted. Fuel is not to be stored in the Area, unless required for essential purposes connected with the activity for which the Permit has been granted. All materials introduced shall be for a stated period only, shall be removed at or before the conclusion of that stated period, and shall be stored and handled so that risk of their introduction into the environment is minimised.\

7(vi) Taking or harmful interference with native flora or fauna

This is prohibited, except in accordance with a Permit. Where animal taking or harmful interference is involved this should, as a minimum standard, be in accordance with the SCAR Code of Conduct for the Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes in Antarctica.

7(vii) Collection or removal of anything not brought into the Area by the Permit holde

Material may be collected or removed from the Area only in accordance with a Permit and should be limited to the minimum necessary to meet scientific or management needs. Material of human origin likely to compromise the values of the Area, which was not brought into the Area by the Permit Holder or otherwise authorised, may be removed unless the impact of removal is likely to be greater than leaving the material in situ : if this is the case the appropriate authority should be notified.

7(viii) Disposal of waste

All wastes, including all human wastes, shall be removed from the Area.

7(ix) Measures that are necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the Management Plan can continue to be met

1. Permits may be granted to enter the Area to carry out biological monitoring and site inspection activities, which may involve the collection of small samples for analysis or review, to erect or maintain signposts, or for protective measures.

2. Any specific sites of long-term monitoring shall be appropriately marked.

3. To help maintain the ecological and scientific values of the plant communities found at the Area visitors shall take special precautions against introductions. Of particular concern are microbial or vegetation introductions sourced from soils at other Antarctic sites, including stations, or from regions outside Antarctica. To minimise the risk of introductions, visitors shall thoroughly clean footwear and any equipment to be used in the area &endash; particularly camping and sampling equipment and markers &endash; before entering the Area.

7(x) Requirements for reports

Parties should ensure that the principal holder for each permit issued submit to the appropriate authority a report describing the activities undertaken. Such reports should include, as appropriate, the information identified in the Visit Report form suggested by SCAR. Parties should maintain a record of such activities and, in the Annual Exchange of Information, should provide summary descriptions of activities conducted by persons subject to their jurisdiction, which should be in sufficient detail to allow evaluation of the effectiveness of the Management Plan. Parties should, wherever possible, deposit originals or copies of such original reports in a publicly accessible archive to maintain a record of usage, to be used both in any review of the management plan and in organising the scientific use of the Area.

Annex B

Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No 13

Potter Peninsula, 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, South Shetland Islands

1. Description of Values to be Protected

The area was originally designated as SSSI No. 13 in ATCM Recommendation XIII-8, after a proposal by Argentina, because of its diverse avian and mammalian fauna and locally rich vegetation, providing a representative sample maritime Antarctic ecosystem. Coastal areas support large breeding colonies of ten seabird species, including three penguin species and three species of marine mammals.

The reasons for the original designation of the Area are still relevant. Scientific research on the breeding ecology of elephant seals and seabirds has been undertaken since 1982. This includes both the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Programme and basic biological and ecological research that must be developed without interference by other human activities. Long-term research programmes could be endangered by accidental interference, especially during breeding periods.

2. Aims and Objectives

Management of Potter Peninsula aims to:

• Avoid major changes in the structure and composition of communities of flora and fauna;

• Prevent unnecessary human disturbance in the Area;

• Permit scientific research which cannot be served elsewhere, and allow the continuity of the ongoing long-term biological and ecological research programmes established in the Area.

3. Management Activities

The following management activities will be undertaken to protect the values of the Area:

• Because the Area is close to a station permanently occupied, a marker board will be placed at the principal access point illustrating the location boundaries and stating entry restrictions;

• Within the Area those locations used for research will be clearly marked;

• Priority pedestrian routes within the Area will be established for transit to sample sites;

• Collection of samples will be limited to the minimum required for approved scientific research;

• Visits shall be made as necessary to ensure management and maintenance measures are adequate.

4. Period of Designation

Designated for an indefinite period

5. Maps

Map 1 shows the location of Potter Peninsula in relation with the Antarctic Peninsula.

Map 2 shows the location of Potter Peninsula in relation with 25 de Mayo (King George) Island.

Map 3 shows the Protected Area in greater detail.

6. Description of the Area

6(i) Geographical co-ordinates and natural features of the Area

The site is located on the east side of Maxwell Bay, south-west of 25 de Mayo (King George) Island between Mirounga Point (the north-westernmost extremity of Potter Peninsula) and the east side of Stranger Point (lat.62°15'S, long. 58°37'W). The site occupies the coastal zone of variable width up to 500 m from the shore line (low water mark) and rising to above 70 m altitude at Stranger Point. It is mainly an area of raised beaches, mostly pebble-covered, backed by basalt cliffs, terminal or lateral moraines and small glaciers. The coastline is very irregular and alternates between small bays and rocky headlands.

This Area offers great scientific value by the presence of many bird colonies (Adélie penguin, gentoo penguin, chinstrap penguin, Dominican gull, brown skua, Antarctic tern, sheathbill, giant petrel and cape petrel) and breeding groups of marine mammals (crabeater seal, Weddell seal, southern elephant seal). There is a relatively abundant development of lichen-dominated plant communities, especially on the succession of prominent rocks along the beach. Long-term research and research programmes could be endangered by accidental interference, destruction of vegetation and soil, and perturbation of breeding birds and mammals.

6(ii) Restricted zones within the Area

None

6(iii) Location of structures within the Area

Within the Area there is a small Argentine refuge used by research teams. The refuge measures 3 by 2.5 m, is built of metal sheets and glass-fibre roof. It can accommodate up to two persons. Approximately 500 metres outside the site is placed Jubany Station.

6(iv) Location of other Protected Areas within close proximity

SSSI No. 5, Fildes Peninsula, lies about 20 km to the east. SSSI No. 8, Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, lies 10 km to the north-east. SSSI No. 14, Harmony Point, lies about 30 km to the west-south-west.

7. Permit Conditions

Entry into the Area is prohibited except in accordance with a permit issued by appropriate national authorities.

Conditions for issuing a Permit to enter the Area are that:

• It is used to continue study for the natural history, biology and ecology of the flora and fauna of the Area or for a compelling scientific purpose that cannot be met elsewhere;

• The actions permitted will not jeopardise the natural ecological system in the Area;

• Any management activities are in support of the objectives of the Management Plan;

• The actions permitted are in accordance with this Management Plan;

• The Permit, or authorised copy, must be carried within the Site of Special Scientific Interest;

• A report or reports are supplied to the authority that issued the Permit.

7(i) Access to and movements within the Area

The access to the Area is restricted to the northern end, near the helipad. Marine access will be restricted to a landing site in front of the refuge. No vehicles or aircraft are permitted in the Area except under emergency.

Limitation on access to particular localities used by breeding birds and mammals for specific periods may be necessary.

7(ii) Activities which are or may be conducted within the Area including restrictions on time and place

Scientific study and monitoring of the populations of flora and fauna in the Area and compelling scientific research which cannot be conducted elsewhere and which will not interfere with ongoing long-term research programmes or jeopardise the structure or dynamics of the Area.

Essential management activities, including monitoring.

7(iii) Installation, modification or removal of structures

No additional structures are to be erected in the Area, or scientific equipment installed, except for essential scientific or management activities, as specified in a Permit.

7(iv) Location of field camps

Parties using the Area will normally be able to use Jubany Station. In the event that this is not possible, a camp site should be used near the existing station and outside the Area.

7(v) Restriction on material and organisms which may be brought into the Area

No living animals or plant material shall be deliberately introduced into the Area.

No poultry products, including food products containing uncooked dried eggs, shall be taken into the Area. No herbicides or pesticides shall be brought into the Area. Any other chemicals, which may be introduced for compelling scientific purposes specified in the Permit, shall be removed from the Area at or before the conclusion of the activity for which the Permit was granted.

As far as possible the use of chemicals should be clearly documented for the benefit of later researchers.

Fuel, food and other material are not to be stored in the Area, unless required for essential purposes connected with the activity for which the Permit has bee granted. All such materials introduced are to be removed when no longer required. Permanent depots are not permitted.

7(vi) Taking or harmful interference with native flora and fauna

This is prohibited, except in accordance with a Permit. Where animal taking or harmful interference is involved this should be in accordance with the SCAR Code of Conduct for Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes in Antarctica, as a minimum standard.

7(vii) Collection or removal of anything not brought into the Area by the permit holder

Biological specimens and samples may be collected and / or removed from the Area only according to a permit. Debris of human origin should be removed and reported to the authority that issued the Permit. Dead biological specimens may be removed for pathological analysis.

7(viii) Disposal of waste

All non-human waste shall be removed from the Area to the nearby research station. Human waste may be deposited in the sea.

7(ix) Measures that may be necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the management plan continue to be met

Permits may be granted to enter the Area to carry out biological and ecological studies and monitoring, and site inspection activities, including the collection of small amounts of plant material and small numbers of animals for scientific purposes, to erect or maintain notice boards and protective measures.

All scientific structures and instrumentation, including research markers, installed in the Area must be authorised in a permit and clearly identified by country, name of investigator and year of installation. Research markers and structures must be removed at or before the expiry of the Permit. If specific scientific projects cannot be concluded within the permitted time, application must be made for an extension to leave the items on site.

7(x) Requirements for reports

The principal permit holder for each issued permit shall submit a report of activities conducted in the Area. This report shall be submitted to the authority named in the Permit as soon as practicable. Such reports should be stored indefinitely and made accessible to interested Parties, SCAR, CCAMLR, and COMNAP if requested, to provide the documentation of human activities within the Area necessary for good management.

Annex C

Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No 14

Harmony Point, Nelson Island South Shetland Islands

1. Description of Values to be Protected

This area was originally designated as SSSI No 14 in ATCM Recommendation XIII-8, after a proposal by Argentina and Chile, because of its diverse seabird community and extensive terrestrial vegetation cover and rich flora including mosses, lichens and two vascular plant species.

Ice free land supports large breeding colonies of 11 seabird species, and one of the largest single colonies of chinstrap penguin. The seabird colonies, and particularly the chinstrap penguin.. The seabird colonies, and particularly the chinstrap penguin colony, are still important for scientific purposes, and have shown significant increases in the last decade. The Area supports a large giant petrel colony (500 breeding pairs), a species which is highly sensitive to any kind of human disturbance and is decreasing in many sites in Antarctica.

The Area is an excellent example of the South Shetland Islands maritime Antarctic seabird community and terrestrial ecosystem, allowing long term research without damage or interference.

2. Aims and Objectives

Management of Harmony Point aims to:

* Avoid major changes in the structure and composition of communities of flora and fauna;

* Prevent unnecessary human disturbance to the area;

* Permit scientific research which cannot be served elsewhere, and allow the continuity of the ongoing long-term biological and ecological research programmes established in the Area.

3. Management Activities

The following management activities will be undertaken to protect the values of the area:

* A marker board will be placed at the principal access point illustrating the location, boundaries and stating entry restrictions;

* Access to the Area and paths will be marked;

* Preferred walking routes within the Area will be established for transit to sample sites;

* Collection of samples will be limited to the minimum required for authorised scientific research;

* Visits shall be made as necessary to ensure management and maintenance measures are adequate.

4. Period of Designation

Designated for an indefinite period.

5. Maps

Map 1: shows the location of Nelson Island in relation with the Antarctic Peninsula.

Map 2: shows the location of Harmony point on Nelson Island.

Map 3: shows the Protected Area in greater detail.

6. Description of the Area

6(I) Geographical coordinates and natural features of the Area

This area is located in the west coast of Nelson Island, between 25 de Mayo (King George) Island to the Northeast and Robert Island to the Southwest (lat. 62°18'S;59°14'W).

The Area includes Harmony Point and the Toe, the adjacent ice and surrounding marine zone within the rectangle showed on maps 2 and 3.

Geomorphologically Harmony Point presents three well defined units: an andesitic plateau, coastal andesitic outcrops and ancient sea levels (raised beaches). The plateau reaches 40 metres above sea level is its area is covered by detritus resulting from the destruction of andeistic rock by freeze/thaw action, with a well-developed vegetation of mosses and lichens.

Lakes and streams with a limited flow appear on the undulations. Some isolated andesitic rocks stand out from the glacier ice, and some of them are formed on the deglaciated plateau (ancient nuntaks), evidencing that the past extension of the glacier covered Harmony Point.

There are three successive raised beaches, between the coast and the westward extremity and the glacier. These beaches are defined by pebble accumulations of variable height.

The Area holds breeding colonies of eleven seabird species: gentoo penguin 4,000 pairs, chinstrap penguin 12,000 pairs, giant petrel 500 pairs, cape petrel 300 pairs, blue eyed shag 110 pairs, sheathbill 110 pairs, brown skua 40 pairs, Dominican gull 120 pairs, Antarctic tern 30 pairs. Other seabirds nesting in the Area are Wilson storm petrel and black-bellied storm petrel.

There are some extensive areas covered by a very rich and diverse development of bryophytes and lichen-dominated plant communities, including two vascular plant species, especially in the areas less affected by recent perturbation or breeding activities. Moss turf subformations are located in wind protected and moist places, whilst lichen-dominated subformations occur in places with a high wind exposure.

6(ii) Restricted zones within the Area

There are no prohibited zones within the Area, but access to bird breeding areas should be restricted during the breeding season (September to March) and damage to vegetation should be avoided by limited access to the marked paths.

6(iii) Location of structures within the Area

There is a refuge measuring 4.5 by 3.5 m, that can house three scientists, and a storage building. The installations are used only during spring and summer. There is an Argentine navigation light on the westmost point of Harmony Point.

6(iv) Location of other Protected Areas within close proximity

SPA No 16, Coppermine Peninsula, Robert Island lies about 30 km south-west. SSSI No 13 Potter Peninsula, 25 de Mayo (King George) Island lies about 30 km east-north-east. SSSI No 5, Files Peninsula 25 de Mayo (King George) Island lies about 45 km east-north-east.

7. Permit Conditions

Entry into the Area is prohibited except in accordance with a permit issued by appropriate national authorities.

Conditions for issuing a Permit to enter the Area are that:

* It is issued to continue study of the natural history, biology and ecology of the flora and fauna of the area or for a compelling scientific purpose that cannot be met elsewhere;

* The actions permitted will not jeopardise the natural ecological system in the Area;

* Any management activities are in support of the objectives of the Management Plan;

* The actions permitted are in accordance with this Management Plan;

* The Permit, or authorised copy, must be carried within the Site of Special Scientific Interest;

* A report or reports are supplied to the authority that issued the Permit.

7(i) Access to and movements within the Area

Access to Harmony Point area from the sea, which is the preferred method, is restricted to the pebble beach 400 m south-west to the refuge. There is a navigation light located in the westmost point of Harmony Point. Access to the navigation light is by boat from the coast at the south of the light. Special access points are not specified for the Toe, but access is limited to inflatable boats.

Aircraft landing should be avoided where practicable. Small planes could land on the glacier but flights over the Area are not allowed. Helicopters must not overfly any of the major bird breeding areas, and should land only in the vicinity of the refuge or landing beach. Map 3 shows proposed helicopter flight route. It is forbidden to overfly the Area below 250 m above the highest point except for access to the landing point specified above.

Pedestrians must use established routes, particularly during the bird breeding season.

Vehicles are prohibited in the area.

7(ii) Activities which are or may be conducted within the Area including restrictions on time and place

Scientific study and monitoring of the populations of flora and fauna in the area and compelling scientific research which cannot be conducted elsewhere and which will not interfere with ongoing long-term research programmes or jeopardise the structure or dynamics of the ecosystem of the Area.

Essential management activities, including monitoring.

7(iii) Installation, modification or removal of structures

No additional structures are to be erected in the Area, or scientific equipment installed, except for essential scientific or management activities, as specified in a Permit.

7(iv) Location of field camps

No additional structures are to be erected in the Area, or scientific equipment installed, except for essential scientific or management activities, as specified in a Permit.

7(v) Restriction on material and organisms which may be brought into the Area

No living animals or plant material shall be deliberately introduced into the Area.

No poultry products, including food products containing uncooked dried eggs, shall be taken into the Area.

No herbicides or pesticides shall be brought into the Area. Any other chemicals, which may be introduced for compelling scientific purpose specified in the permit, shall be removed from the Area at or before the conclusion of the activity for which the Permit was granted.

As far a possible the use of chemicals should be clearly documented for the benefit of later researchers.

Fuel, food and other material are not to be stored in the Area, unless required for essential purposes connected with the activity for which the Permit has been granted. All such material introduced are to be removed when no longer required. Permanent depots are not permitted.

7(vi) Taking or harmful interference with native flora and fauna

7(viii) Collection or removal of anything not brought into the area by the permit holder

Biological specimens and samples may be collected and/or removed from the Area only according to a permit. Debris of human origin should be removed and reported to the authority that issued the permit. Dead biological specimens may be removed for pathological analysis.

7(viii) Disposal of waste

All non-human waste shall be removed from the Area. Human waste may be deposited in the sea.

Waste resulting from research activities in the Area may be stored temporarily beside the refuge to await its removal from the Area at the first opportunity. Any such stored waste must be adequately contained, marked as waste and secured against accidental loss.

7(ix) Measures that may be necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the management plan continue to be met

Permits may be granted to enter the area to carry out biological and ecological studies and monitoring, and site inspection activities, including the collection of small amounts of plant material and small numbers of animals for scientific purposes, to erect or maintain notice boards and protective measures.

All scientific structures and instrumentation, including research markers, installed in the Area must be authorised in a permit and clearly identified by country, name of investigator and year of installation. Research markers and structures must be removed at or before the expiry of the Permit. If specific scientific projects cannot be concluded within the permitted time, applications must be made for an extension to leave the items in situ.

7(x) Requirements for reports

Annex D

Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No 15

Cierva Point, Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula

1. Description of Values to be Protected

The area was originally designated as SSSI No. 15 in ATCM Recommendation XIII-8, after a proposal by Argentina, as an important example of well developed maritime vegetation and having breeding colonies of at least five bird species.

This area has a great scientific value due to the presence of important bird colonies (gentoo penguin, brown skua, blue-eyed shag, snow petrel, Dominican gull), an abundant development of plant cover, and a diverse flora that includes the two Antarctic flowering plant species and some liverworts and an associated invertebrate fauna. Its littoral area possesses abundant tidal pools inhabited by a large number of marine invertebrates. Long-term research programmes on terrestrial ecology and natural variability could be endangered by accidental interference, destruction of vegetation and soil, pollution of rock pools and perturbation of breeding birds.

2. Aims and Objectives

Management of Cierva Point aims to:

• Avoid major changes in the structure and composition of communities of flora and fauna;

• Protect long-term research programmes on terrestrial ecology and natural variability established in the Area;

• Prevent unnecessary human disturbance in the Area;

• Utilise the Area as a monitoring site to assess direct and indirect effects of the neighbouring station.

3. Management Activities

The following management activities will be undertaken to protect the values of the Area:

• A marker board will be placed at the principal access point illustrating the location boundaries and stating entry restrictions;

• Access to the Area and paths will be marked;

• Priority pedestrian routes within the Area will be established for transit to sample sites;

• Collection of samples will be limited to the minimum required for approved scientific research;

• Visits shall be made as necessary to ensure management and maintenance measures are adequate.

4. Period of Designation

Designated for an indefinite period

5. Maps

Map 1 shows the location of Cierva Point in relation with the Antarctic Peninsula.

Map 2 shows the location of Cierva Point and adjacent islands in relation to Danco Coast.

Map 3 shows the area surrounding Primavera Station in detail to indicate access to the Protected Area.

6. Description of the Area

6(i) Geographical co-ordinates and natural features of the Area

Cierva Point (lat 64°10'S, long 60°57'W) is in the north-west of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the south coast of Cierva Cove, at the north end of Hughes Bay. The site comprises Cierva Point, encompassing the land west of an imaginary line drawn from the south-east of the north side of the point, through the summit of a flat hill 540 m high, to the south-east of the south side of the point. Also included are Apéndice/Rivera/Sterneck Island, and José Hernández/Bofill/Midas Island and Cierva Point. Although the intertidal zone of each of these areas is included in the Area, the subtidal marine environment is not included.

Base Primavera (Argentina) and all its associated installations and areas of disturbance are excluded from the Area.

The plant cover of lichen, moss and grass-dominated communities is very extensive. The dominant plant communities are lichen-dominated fellfield, Polytrichum&endash;Chorisodontium moss turf and Deschampsia&endash;Colobanthus subformation. Areas of more that a hundred square metres of the ground are covered by moss turves, with a peat depth of about 80 cm. This type of habitat allows the establishment of many bird colonies, including gentoo penguins, chinstrap penguins, blue-eyed shags, brown skuas, Wilson's storm petrels, sheathbills and kelp gulls.

6(ii) Restricted zones within the Area

None

6(iii) Location of structures within the Area

There are no vehicular routes, structures or refuges with the Area. Primavera Station (Argentina) located at the north-west of the cape, is open in summers. It is composed of eight huts, and a place delimited for helicopter landings.

6.(iv) Location of other Protected Areas within close proximity

None.

7. Permit Conditions

Entry into the Area is prohibited except in accordance with a permit issued by appropriate national authorities.

Conditions for issuing a Permit to enter the Area are that:

• It is issued to continue study of terrestrial ecology and natural variability of the Area for a compelling scientific purpose that cannot be met elsewhere;

• The actions permitted will not jeopardise the natural ecological system in the Area;

• Any management activities are in support of the objectives of the Management Plan;

• The actions permitted are in accordance with this Management Plan;

• The Permit, or authorised copy, must be carried within the Site of Special Scientific Interest;

• A report or reports are supplied to the authority that issued the Permit.

7(i) Access to and movements within the Area

There is only one access to the Area for helicopters. Helicopters may only land in the specified area ESE of the station. The aircraft route to be used is limited to a north approach and departure. Marine access is allowed to any point for any of the islands. Access will be by permit issued by a competent authority and will only be allowed for activities which are in accordance with this management plan. Tourism or any kind of recreational activities are not permitted. Movement within the site should be by designated pedestrian routes. No vehicle access is permitted.

7(ii) Activities which are or may be conducted within the Area including restrictions on time and place

Scientific study and monitoring of the terrestrial ecosystem and natural variability in the Area and compelling scientific research which cannot be conducted elsewhere and which will not interfere with ongoing long-term research programmes or jeopardise the structure or dynamics of the Area.

Essential management activities, including monitoring.

7(iii) Installation, modification or removal of structures

No structures are to be erected in the Area, or scientific equipment installed, except for essential scientific or management activities, as specified in a Permit.

7(iv) Location of field camps

Parties should not normally camp in the Area. If it is essential for safety reasons, tents should be erected having regard to causing the least damage to vegetation and disturbance to fauna.

7(v) Restriction on material and organisms which may be brought into the Area

No living animals or plant material shall be deliberately introduced into the Area.

As far as possible the use of chemicals should be clearly documented for the benefit of later researchers.

7(vi) Taking or harmful interference with native flora and fauna

7(vii) Collection or removal of anything not brought into the Area by the permit holder

7(viii) Disposal of waste

All non-human waste shall be removed from the Area to Primavera station. Human waste may be deposited in the sea.

7(ix) Measures that may be necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the management plan continue to be met

7(x) Requirements for reports

Annex E

Management Plan for Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No. 37

Botany Bay, Cape Geology, Victoria Land

1. Description of values to be protected

The Area at Botany Bay and Cape Geology (Granite Harbour, Victoria Land) has been proposed by New Zealand on the grounds that it is an extremely rich botanical refuge for such a high latitude location (162° 34' 00"E, 77° 00' 30"S), with a lichen and moss species diversity and abundance that is unique for southern Victoria Land. In addition to a high diversity and abundance of lichens and mosses there are abundant growths of algae, large populations of invertebrates (collembola, mites, nematodes, rotifers) and a colony (in excess of 40 pairs) of South polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki). The area is the type locality for the collembolan Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter.

The structure and development of the moss and lichen communities is similar to that found more than 10° of latitude further north, with several species at their known southern limit. The Area contains the most southerly record of an hepatic (Cephaloziella exiliflora). Of great significance is the size (up to 15 cm diameter) of some lichen thalli (e.g. Umbilicaria aprina). The boulder beach has rich populations of both epilithic and endolithic lichens.

In addition to the biological values described, the Area contains within it the remains of a rock shelter and associated artifacts of historical importance, known as 'Granite House', designated as Historic Site No. 67 in Measure 4 (1995). Constructed by members of the 1910-1913 British Antarctic Expedition, the shelter and associated artifacts are vulnerable to disturbance and are therefore managed as a Managed Zone within the Area, which is subject to access restrictions.

The limited geographical extent of the ecosystem, its unusual ecological features and importance, its exceptional scientific and historic values and the vulnerability of the Area to disturbance through trampling, sampling, pollution or alien introductions, are such that the Area requires long-term special protection.

2. Aims and objectives

Management at Cape Geology aims to:

• avoid degradation of, or substantial risk to, the values of the Area by preventing unnecessary human disturbance to the Area;

• allow scientific research on the ecosystem and elements of the ecosystem in particular on lichen and moss species, algae, invertebrates and skuas while ensuring protection from over-sampling;

• allow other scientific research provided it is for compelling reasons which cannot be served elsewhere;

• preserve a part of the natural ecosystem as a reference area for the purpose of future comparative studies;

• minimise the possibility of introduction of alien plants, animals and microbes to the Area;

• allow visits to 'Granite House', but under strict control by Permit;

• allow visits for management purposes in support of the aims of the management plan.

3. Management activities

The following management activities are to be undertaken to protect the values of the Area:

• Signs illustrating the location, boundaries and clearly stating entry restrictions shall be placed at appropriate locations at the boundaries of the Area and Zones within to help avoid inadvertent entry.

• Markers, signs or structures erected within the Area for scientific or management purposes shall be secured and maintained in good condition.

• National Antarctic Programmes operating in the region shall consult together with a view to ensuring these steps are carried out.

4. Period of designation

Designated for an indefinite period.

5. Maps and photographs

Map A: Botany Bay and Cape Geology, protected area topographic map.

Map specifications:

Projection: Lambert conformal conic;

Standard parallels: 1st 79° 20' 00" S;

2nd 76° 40' 00"S

Central Meridian: 162° 30' 00" E

Latitude of Origin: 78° 01' 16.211" S;

Spheroid: WGS84.

Inset 1: Southern Victoria Land, Ross Sea and Ross Island, showing location of Granite Harbour.

Inset 2: Cape Geology location map, and Granite Harbour region.

Map B: Botany Bay and Cape Geology, protected area orthophotograph. Map specifications are the same as those in Map A. The original orthophotograph was prepared at 1:2500 with a positional accuracy of ±1.25 m (horizontal) and ±2.5 m (vertical) with an on-ground pixel resolution of 0.5 m. Photography: USGS/DoSLI (SN7851) 22 November 1993. (Not reproduced here.)

Map C: Managed Zone with 'Granite House' site orthophotograph, derived from Map B. The richest areas of vegetation, sensitive to disturbance, are shown. (Not reproduced here.)

6. Description of the Area

6(i) Geographical coordinates, boundary markers and natural features

Cape Geology is situated in the south-western corner of Granite Harbour, southern Victoria Land, at 162°32'52"E, 77°00'14"S, approximately 100 km north-west of Ross Island (Map A, Insets). The Area encompasses much of the catchment above Botany Bay and consists of raised boulder beach terraces, weathered rocky steppes and irregular rock platforms around Cape Geology, extending south to include a well-defined elevated cirque containing a small ice field. The bedrock geology at Cape Geology has been described as a porphyritic grey biotite-granite, with phenocrysts of orthoclase of reddish colour, casting the weathered rock with a reddish tinge.

The northwest corner of the Area is marked by a brass plaque in a boulder (M1, 2 m: Maps A and B) 400 m SW of Cape Geology. The west boundary is defined by a line extending first 260 m SSE from M1 to a large boulder (marked by a cairn) with terrier bolt (M2) at an elevation of 118 m on the ridge above the campsite; thence the boundary extends 250 m up this ridge to a point at 162 m elevation marked by an iron tube with bamboo pole. The west boundary extends a further 300 m up this ridge to a large pointed rock at 255 m elevation near the edge of the permanent ice field. The boundary then extends 150 m south across the ice field to the west edge of a prominent line of exposed rock and moraine in the SW corner of the Area at 325 m elevation. The south boundary follows this line of rock east until the exposure is buried by the ice-field, thence SE across the ice field for 500 m to the edge of a second and more prominent exposure at an elevation of just over 400 m (M3). The boundary follows the upper edge of this exposure and then crosses the ice field SE to an elevation of approximately 325 m where the ice-free eastern boundary ridge and the ice field converge. The east boundary follows the ridge crest for 1550 m in a NE direction to a large pointed rock on the ridge (M4, 392 m) where the east boundary turns to descend due north to the coast at the eastern extremity of the boulder beach of Botany Bay (M5, 5 m). The mean high water mark of the coastline of Botany Bay and Cape Geology forms the northern boundary of the Area.

The Area is extremely rich botanically for such a high-latitude location &emdash; it is also one of the richest sites in the whole of continental Antarctica. There is a high diversity and abundance of lichens (more than 30 species) and mosses (eight species), and the structure and development of these communities are similar to those found 10° of latitude further north. Some lichen thalli (e.g. Umbilicaria aprina) measure up to 15 cm diameter. The boulder beach has rich populations of both epilithic and endolithic lichens. The Area contains by far the most southerly record of an hepatic (Cephaloziella exiliflora) and the mosses Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostre and possibly Ceratodon purpureus. There are abundant growths of algae (at least 85 taxa), although the algal flora is not considered particularly unusual for the locality.

There are large populations of invertebrates (collembola, mites, nematodes, rotifers) and the area is the type locality for the collembolan Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter. There is a colony of between 40 &endash; 50 breeding pairs (and numerous non-breeders) of the south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki), which is approximately the same number present in 1911&endash;12. No other bird species are known to breed in the Cape Geology area.

6(ii) Restricted and managed zones within the Area

Restricted Zone

An area directly above Botany Bay is designated a Restricted Zone in order to preserve part of the Area as a reference site for future comparative studies, while the remainder of the Area (which is similar in biology, features and character) is more generally available for research programmes and sample collection. The west boundary of the Restricted Zone is defined by a line from a marker (iron tube in rock, 20 metres from mean high water mark, elevation 8 m) at the west side of Botany Bay (Map A), extending SW for 170 m up to a second iron tube marker on the crest of the adjacent ridge (87 m). This boundary extends 100 m to a third iron tube and a cairn (98 m), thence 50 m to a large flat rock in the centre of the main flush (marked '1' on Maps A and B). The south boundary of the Restricted Zone extends from the flat rock in the flush in a straight line 820 m to the first of two prominent boulders closely adjacent to each other, approximately in the middle of the ice-free slopes above Botany Bay (marked '2' on Maps A and B at 165 m). The east boundary extends 300 m from there to a large rock at 135 m elevation, thence NE downslope to the NE boundary point (M5, 5 m). The north boundary of the Restricted Zone is the mean high water mark of Botany Bay and is coincident with the north boundary of the Area.

Access to the Restricted Zone is allowed only for compelling scientific or management (such as inspection or review) purposes which cannot be served elsewhere in the Area.

Managed Zone

Situated at the coast at the northernmost tip of Cape Geology, a Managed Zone is designated to protect historic artifacts and plant communities within this vicinity, yet also to allow access to the rock shelter known as 'Granite House', which was designated as Historic Site No. 67 in Measure 4 (1995). The Managed Zone is an enclave of approximately 100 m by 80 m that surrounds a rock ridge leading from the coast at Cape Geology to the old shelter. The boundaries are marked on Map C, with the southernmost corner marked by a cairn on a prominent boulder overlooking the rock shelter. The shelter was constructed by members of the 1910-1913 British Antarctic Expedition, and used between December 1911 and January 1912 while the party carried out geological and biological exploration in the vicinity. The structure was built using a natural hollow in the rocks, with walls built up from granite boulders and a roof of seal skins: in December 1993 parts of the walls remained, but while several of the skins were present the roof had collapsed. Access to the Managed Zone may be allowed by Permit, subject to the conditions of this management plan.

6(iii) Structures within and near the Area

The only structures known to exist in the Area are 'Granite House', the boundary survey markers and signposts in appropriate locations.

6(iv) Location of other protected areas within close proximity of the Area

The nearest protected area to Cape Geology is SSSI&endash;3 at Barwick Valley, 50 km distant in a SW direction in the Victoria Land Dry Valleys.

7. Permit conditions

Entry into the Area is prohibited except in accordance with a Permit issued by appropriate national authorities. Conditions for issuing a Permit to enter the Area are that:

• outside of the Restricted and Managed Zones, it is issued only for scientific study of the ecosystem, or for compelling scientific reasons that cannot be served elsewhere, or for essential management purposes consistent with plan objectives such as inspection or review;

• access to the Restricted Zone is allowed only for compelling scientific or management reasons that cannot be served elsewhere in the Area;

• access to the Managed Zone may be permitted for scientific, management, historical, educational or recreational purposes;

• the actions permitted will not jeopardise the ecological, scientific or historic values of the Area;

• any management activities are in support of the objectives of the Management Plan;

• the actions permitted are in accordance with the Management Plan;

• the Permit, or an authorized copy, shall be carried within the Area;

• a visit report shall be supplied to the authority named in the Permit;

• permits shall be issued for a stated period.

7(i) Access to and movement within the Area

Vehicles are prohibited within the Area and access should be by foot. Helicopters are normally prohibited from landing within the Area: there is a designated site 60 m outside of the Area (162° 31' 55"E, 77° 00' 19"S: Map A). Access to the landing site should be from the open water / sea ice to the north of the Area. Overflight of the Area lower than 300 m (~1000 ft) above ground level is normally prohibited. When required for essential scientific or management purposes, transient overflight or landing may be allowed: conduct of such anticipated overflights or landings must be specifically authorised by Permit. Use of helicopter smoke grenades within the Area is prohibited unless necessary for safety, and all grenades should be retrieved. All helicopter landing or overflight lower than 300 m AGL is prohibited within the Restricted Zone.

Access into the Area should preferably be from the recommended camping area along a preferred walking route 10&endash;20 m from the coast, which is relatively devoid of vegetation. Visitors should avoid walking on visible vegetation, or unnecessary disturbance to bird populations. Care should be exercised walking in areas of moist ground, where foot traffic can easily damage sensitive soils, plant and algal communities, and degrade water quality: walk around such areas, on ice or rocky ground. Pedestrian traffic should be kept to the minimum necessary consistent with the objectives of any permitted activities and every reasonable effort should be made to minimise effects.

Access to the Managed Zone should preferably be from the coast, following the ridge leading up to 'Granite House' (Map C). An alternative route may be used from the west of the Managed Zone if sea-ice travel is unsafe (Maps A&endash;C). Unless specifically authorised by Permit, visitors are prohibited from entering the historic shelter, and are limited to access and viewing from the rock ridge designated for access from the coast in order to prevent damage to the rich vegetation within the Managed Zone. Visitors shall not venture south of 'Granite House', unless specifically authorised by Permit. A maximum of 10 people is permitted to enter the Managed Zone at any one time, and a maximum of 5 people is allowed in the viewing area overlooking 'Granite House' at any one time (Map C).

7(ii) Activities that are or may be conducted in the Area, including restrictions on time or place

• scientific research that will not jeopardise the ecosystem of the Area;

• essential management activities, including monitoring;

• limited visits to the Managed Zone for reasons other than science or management subject to the conditions described in this plan;

• activities with the aim of preserving or protecting the historic resources within the Area.

7(iii) Installation, modification or removal of structures

No structures are to be erected within the Area except as specified in a Permit. All scientific equipment installed in the Area must be authorised by Permit and clearly identified by country, name of the principal investigator and year of installation. All such items should be made of materials that pose minimal risk of contamination of the Area. Removal of specific equipment for which the Permit has expired shall a condition of the Permit.

7(iv) Location of field camps

Camping within the Area is prohibited and should be at a site outside of the Area, 100 m from the NW corner (Map A), adjacent to the designated helicopter landing site. This camping site has been disturbed by previous activities and visitors should re-occupy these disturbed positions for tents and other facilities.

7(v) Restrictions on materials and organisms which can be brought into the Area

7(vi) Taking or harmful interference with native flora or fauna

7(vii) Collection or removal of anything not brought into the Area by the Permit holder

Unless specifically authorised by Permit, visitors are prohibited from interfering with or attempting restoration of 'Granite House' in any way, or from handling, taking or damaging any artifacts found within the Managed Zone. Evidence of recent changes, damage or new artifacts observed should be notified to the appropriate national authority. Relocation or removal of artifacts for the purposes of preservation, protection or to re-establish historical accuracy is allowable by Permit.

7(viii) Disposal of waste

All wastes, including all human wastes, shall be removed from the Area.

7(ix) Measures that are necessary to ensure that the aims and objectives of the Management Plan can continue to be met

2. Any specific sites of long-term monitoring shall be appropriately marked.

3. To help maintain the ecological and scientific values of the isolation and relatively low level of human impact at the Area visitors shall take special precautions against introductions. Of particular concern are microbial or vegetation introductions sourced from soils at other Antarctic sites, including stations, or from regions outside Antarctica. To minimise the risk of introductions, visitors shall thoroughly clean footwear and any equipment to be used in the area &endash; particularly sampling equipment and markers &endash; before entering the Area.

7(x) Requirements for reports

DECISION 2 (1997)

Consultative Status

The Representatives,

Recalling the decision of the First Special Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting;

Recalling also the Guidelines on Notification with respect to Consultative Status agreed at the XIVth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting;

Noting the procedures agreed in Decision 1 (1995);

Decide:

1. To replace paragraphs 1 to 5 of the decision of the First Special Consultative Meeting with the following:

1. An acceding state which considers itself entitled to appoint Representatives in accordance with Article IX, paragraph 2, shall notify the Depositary Government for the Antarctic Treaty of this view and shall provide information concerning its activities in the Antarctic, in particular the content and objectives of its scientific programme. The Depositary Government shall forthwith communicate for evaluation the foregoing notification and information to all other Consultative Parties.

2. Consultative Parties, in exercising the obligation placed on them by Article X of the Treaty, shall examine the information about its activities supplied by such an acceding state, may conduct any appropriate enquiries (including the exercising of their right of inspection in accordance with Article VII of the Treaty) and may, through the Depositary Government urge such a state to make a declaration of intent to approve the Recommendations adopted at Consultative Meetings in pursuance of the Treaty and subsequently approved by all the Contracting Parties whose Representatives were entitled to participate in those meetings. Consultative Parties may, through the Depositary Government, invite the acceding state to consider approval of the other Recommendations.

3. The Government which is to host the next Consultative Meeting in the context of its preparation of the Provisional Agenda for the Consultative Meeting in accordance with Rule 37 of the Rules of Procedure, shall include an appropriate item in the Provisional Agenda for consideration of the notification.

4. The Consultative Meeting shall determine, on the basis of all information available to it, whether to acknowledge that the acceding state in question has met the requirements of Article 9 paragraph 2 of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 22 (4) of the Protocol on Environmental Protocol and taking into account the Guidelines agreed at the XIV Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. If agreed by the Representatives of all the Consultative Parties, such acknowledgement shall be recorded in a Decision of the Consultative Meeting and be notified by the host Government to the acceding state.

5. The procedure hereby established may be modified only by a unanimous decision of Consultative Parties.

2. That all other elements of the decision and Guidelines relating to Consultative Status shall remain unchanged.

RESOLUTION 1 (1997)

Emergency Response Action and Contingency Planning

The Representative,

Noting the provisions of Article 15 of the Environmental Protocol and related provisions of Annex IV on emergency response action and contingency planning.

Conscious that implementation of the provisions requires actions by the Parties;

Recognising that initiatives bearing on the provisions have been taken by COMNAP and IAATO;

Convinced that additional work on the subject needs to be done by the ATCM;

Recommend that:

1. That those Consultative Parties whose research stations and vessels operating in Antarctica are not covered by contingency plans should take the necessary steps to ensure that the operators of the stations and vessels introduce plans based on the 1992 Guidelines prepared by COMNAP.

2. That the Consultative Parties, individually or collectively, should to the extent possible carry out regular contingency exercises, both theoretical and practical on land and at sea, to test and thereby refine their contingency plans, and report on the results of the exercises to the ATCM. Exercises at sea should be carried out in accordance with the relevant maritime conventions.

3. In view of the relevance of work being done by IMO, that the IMO expert invited to attend. ATCM XXII be requested to take part also in the discussion on this subject.

4. That COMNAP and IAATO submit Information Papers to ATCM XXII describing their respective Guidelines of contingency plans, the extent to which the plans have been put in place, and plans for future work.

5. That in the light of the above reports, discussions, papers and other available information, ATCM XXII should review the issue of emergency response action and contingency planning with a view to implementing further the provisions of Article 15, and the related provisions of Annex IV to the Protocol, on cooperative response action, and decide on further action.

RESOLUTION 2 (1997)

Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE):

Methodology for Reviewing Activities for which a CEE has been Prepared

The Representatives,

Recalling Annex I, Article 3 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty;

Noting that further guidance is desirable for following up on the implementation of activities for which CEEs have been prepared under Annex I of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty;

Encourage Consultative Parties to:

1. Include in their procedures for assessing the environmental impacts of their activities in Antarctica, provision for review of the activities undertaken following the completion of a CEE.

2. Adopt the following process for CEE follow-up:

a) Review activities carried out following completion of CEE, including analysis of whether the activities were conducted as proposed, whether applicable mitigation measures were implemented, and whether the impacts of the activity were as predicted in the assessment;

b) Record any changes to the activities described in the CEE, the reasons for the changes, and the environmental consequences of those changes; and

c) Report to the Parties on the outcomes of (a) and (b) above.

RESOLUTION 3 (1997)

Standard Form for Advance Notification and Post-Visit

Reporting on Tourism and Non-Governmental Activities in Antarctica

The Representatives,

Recalling Resolution 3 (1995) which agreed that there would be an advantage in standardised reporting of information on tourism and non-governmental activity in Antarctica;

Noting that Attachment A to Recommendation 1 (1994) outlines the requirements for Advance Notice of tourism and non-governmental activities, and that Resolution 3 (1995) outlines requirements for post-activity reports;

Recalling that Parties agreed at ATCM XX to trial a standard form for Advance Notification and Post-Visit Reporting during the 1996/97 Antarctic season.

Recommend that:

A standard form be used for Advance Notifications and Post-Visit Reporting on tourism and non-governmental activities in Antarctica in order to obtain consistent information that will facilitate analysis of the scope, frequency and intensity of tourism and non-governmental activities.

FORTHCOMING SYMPOSIAInternational Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change

The Symposium will be held in Tromsø, Norway, 24&endash;28 August 1998 and there will be an associated Field Trip to Svalbard.

For details, contact: International Symposium on Polar Aspects of Global Change

c/o Norsk Polarinstitutt

N&endash;9005 Tromsø

Norway

Tel: +47 77 60 67 00 Fax: +47 77 60 67 01 E-mail: jaklin@tromso.npolar.no

Symposium Web Site: http://www.tromso.npolar.no

Seventh SCAR Antarctic Biology Symposium

The Symposium will be held in Christchurch, New Zealand, 31 August &endash; 4 September 1998.

For details, contact: The Conference Organiser

VII SCAR Biology Symposium

Centre for Continuing Education

University of Canterbury

Private Bag 4800

Christchurch

New Zealand

Tel: +64 3 364 2645 Fax: +64 3 364 2057 E-mail: scarbio@cont.canterbury.ac.nz

Conference Web Site: http://www.scar.org/scar-meetings/biology.html

Sixth International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology

ISAG-6 will be held in Lanzhou, China, 5&endash;9 September 1998.

For details, contact: ISAG-6 Secretariat

Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lanzhou 730000

People's Republic of China

Fax: +86 931 8885241

E-mail: jwren@ns.lab.ac.cn or icecore@ns.lzb.ac.cn or jwren@public.lz.gs.cn

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Publications

SCAR Bulletin No 129, January 1998

SCAR Bulletin
No 129, January 1998